Health care

What is Cervical Cancer ?

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers that affect a woman’s reproductive organs. Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing most cases of cervical cancer.

When exposed to HPV, a woman’s immune system typically prevents the virus from doing harm. In a small group of women, however, the virus survives for years before it eventually converts some cells on the surface of the cervix into cancer cells. Half of cervical cancer cases occur in women between ages 35 and 55.

Thanks largely to Pap test screening, the death rate from cervical cancer has decreased greatly over the last 50 years. Still, every year more than 11,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer, and nearly 4,000 die of cervical cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. Around the world, cervical cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer death in women.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

You may not experience any cervical cancer symptoms – early cervical cancer generally produces no signs or symptoms.

As the cancer progresses, these cervical cancer symptoms and signs may appear : -

* Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause

* Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor

* Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse

Causes of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer most commonly begins in the thin, flat cells that line the bottom of the cervix (squamous cells). Squamous cell carcinomas account for about 80 percent of cervical cancers. Cervical cancer can also occur in the glandular cells that line the upper portion of the cervix. Called adenocarcinomas, these cancers make up about 15 percent of cervical cancers. Sometimes both types of cells are involved in cervical cancer. Very rare cancers can occur in other cells in the cervix.

What causes squamous cells or glandular cells to become abnormal and develop into cancer isn’t clear. However, it’s certain that the sexually transmitted infection called human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a role. Evidence of HPV is found in nearly all cervical cancers. However, HPV is a very common virus and most women with HPV never develop cervical cancer…

Treatments of Cervical Cancer

Limited, noninvasive cancer

Treatment of cervical cancer that’s confined to the outside layer of the cervix typically requires treatment to remove the abnormal area of cells. For most women in this situation, no additional treatments are needed.

Procedures to remove noninvasive cancer include : -

* Cone biopsy (conization) : – During this surgery, the doctor uses a scalpel to remove a cone-shaped piece of cervical tissue where the abnormality is found.

* Laser surgery : – This operation uses a narrow beam of intense light to kill cancerous and precancerous cells.

* Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) : – This technique uses a wire loop to pass electrical current, which cuts like a surgeon’s knife, and remove cells from the mouth of the cervix.

* Cryosurgery : – This technique involves freezing and killing cancerous and precancerous cells.

* Hysterectomy : – This major surgery involves removal of the cancerous and precancerous areas, the cervix and the uterus. Hysterectomy is usually done only in certain selected cases of noninvasive cervical cancer.

Invasive cancers

Cervical cancer that invades deeper than the outside layer of cells on the cervix is referred to as invasive cancer and requires more extensive treatment. Treatment for cervical cancer depends on several factors, such as the stage of the cancer, other health problems you may have and your own preferences about treatment.

Treatment options may include : -

* Surgery : – Surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy) is typically used to treat the early stages of cervical cancer. A simple hysterectomy involves the removal of the cancer, the cervix and the uterus. Simple hysterectomy is typically an option only when the cancer is very early stage – invasion is less than 3 millimeters (mm) into the cervix. A radical hysterectomy – removal of the cervix, uterus, part of the vagina and lymph nodes in the area – is the standard surgical treatment when there’s an invasion of greater than 3 mm into the cervix and no evidence of tumor on the walls of the pelvis.

Hysterectomy can cure early-stage cervical cancers and prevent cancer from coming back, but removing the uterus makes it impossible to become pregnant in the future. Expect about six weeks of recovery time. Temporary side effects of radical hysterectomy include pelvic pain and difficulty with bowel movements and urination.

* Radiation : – Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy can be given externally using external beam radiation or internally (brachytherapy) by placing devices filled with radioactive material near your cervix. Radiation therapy is as effective as surgery for early-stage cervical cancer. For women with more advanced cervical cancer, radiation is often the best treatment.

Both methods of radiation therapy can be combined. Radiation therapy can be used alone, with chemotherapy, before surgery to shrink a tumor or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Side effects of radiation to the pelvic area include upset stomach, nausea, diarrhea, bladder irritation and narrowing of your vagina, which can make intercourse difficult. Premenopausal women may stop menstruating as a result of radiation therapy and begin menopause.

* Chemotherapy : – Chemotherapy uses strong anti-cancer chemicals to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy drugs, which can be used alone or in combination with each other, are usually injected into a vein and they travel throughout your body killing quickly growing cells, including cancer cells. Low doses of chemotherapy are often combined with radiation therapy, since chemotherapy may enhance the effects of the radiation.

Higher doses of chemotherapy are used to control advanced cervical cancer that may not be curable. Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the drugs being administered, but generally include diarrhea, fatigue, nausea and hair loss. Certain chemotherapy drugs may cause infertility and early menopause in premenopausal women.

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“We have a very simple business model that keeps you as the center.”

Having the industry’s most elaborate and exclusive Patient Care and Clinical Coordination teams stationed at each partner hospital, we provide you the smoothest and seamless care ever imagined. With a ratio of one Patient Care Manager to five patients our patient care standards are unmatched across the sub continent.

Introduction:

Obesity surgery in India has proved with a tremendous successful outcome among foreign patients. About 550 to 600 patients fly from abroad to seek obesity surgery in India. For the past 6 to 7 years the scope of Obesity surgery in India has developed so vast that invites many foreign patients to our country to availing the medical treatment in India for weight loss.

Uses of obesity surgery in India:

For morbidly obese patients Obesity surgery in India is one of the best solutions where the Weight reduction exercises, diet control are useless. The Obesity surgery not only reduces the weight but also controls appetite so that weight gains may come to an end. Patient themselves feel slim and healthy by undergoing Obesity surgery in India.

Bariatric surgery is the scientific name of obesity surgery. This surgery controls the appetite and thus control of gaining more weight. Complications of obesity such as high blood pressure, sleep apnea, high blood cholesterol, cardiac diseases, etc that can be overcome through Obesity surgery in India. You will find an appreciable, dramatic result from weight loss surgery in India. Obesity surgery performed under general anesthesia.

Types of obesity surgery:

Weight reduction surgery can be performed as many methods –

Gastric band surgery

Gastric bypass surgery,

Sleeve Gastrectomy,

Mini gastric – bypass surgery.

The surgery planned according to the body mass index of the patient undergoing weight loss surgery. The person above with 40 BMI is considered to be morbidly obese, the type of surgery also planned according to BMI.

Risks of Obesity surgery in India:

The risks of obesity surgery are minimal, variable and few like

Bleeding,

Wound infection,

Nausea / vomiting,

Constipation,

Incision Hernia,

Effect of anesthesia / medications etc

Depends on the age and condition of the patient.

The post operative risks can be overruled by thorough investigations prior to the surgery, close monitoring during the surgery and post operative checkup and care.

Precautions of the obesity surgery:

Necessary precautions may be followed by the obesity surgeon before the surgery like considering the points as per in the obesity questionnaire. Asking the patient about the past medical and surgical history if any. The present health condition must be thoroughly gone through with the complete patient cooperation.

During the surgery the patient’s blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation is monitored. Obesity surgeon will keep checking in between the surgery. Patient is taken to the Intensive care till they get their conscious. Post operatively the patient monitored for the drainage tubes, saline lines, IV injections etc. patient input output records are maintained.

After gaining the full confidence of the patient ascends the discharge notice of the obesity surgery hospital in India. Patient can fly back to his / her home country with a successful outcome of the obesity surgery in India

Medical Tourism Company:

The Medical tourism companies available in India guide you both about the Obesity surgery in India and an exotic trip in India. Medical tourism in India is simply to obtain a weight loss surgery done in India by traveling or vacationing in India. They are committed with safety and security of the patient. Medical tourism in India has tie up with the world top class weight loss surgery hospitals in India and highly qualified health experts. They provide you support and deliver a top quality, excellent and compassionate care. They have adopted patient centric approach for 24 hours in all 7 days. Their mission is to make your journey to India for obesity surgery absolutely successful- in terms of treatment, outcome and experience.

India has very good international Airports at Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Bangalore is the easiest destiny to reach from all over the world. Nowadays the air tickets have become so less that even an economical person can afford. Many travel agency companies offer the package of to and fro to India from their country in a nominal cost. The obesity surgery hospitals are available almost in all the metropolitan cities of India.

Mumbai is one of the biggest metropolitan city so called the health capital of India already performed many successful weight loss surgery in a very short period.

Medical Facilities in India:

The finest medical facilities provided to you by highly qualified obesity surgeons cost less in India. The renowned obesity surgeon can perform your obesity surgery procedure in India. India has touched the greater limit in medical field especially in weight loss surgery. Many improved and advanced medical technologies have been implemented in India. The obesity surgery hospitals in India have a world-class infrastructure with all recently developed Medical amenities. A team of skilled and reputed doctors, obesity surgeons, efficient management professionals, motivated nurses, deliver you the complete care from the day one. The facilities and approach are built with patient in mind to provide a super specialty care as required. They follow International treatment protocols and to ease and convenience for the patients all the facilities like diagnostic testing procedures, all medical services in India etc, available under one roof. For easy accessibility follow electronic medical records- a medical information transfer that contains all the details of the patient, so that the same patient if want to approach for the next his/her complete medical records are furnished in detail.

Conclusion:

Getting the obesity surgery in India would cost 40 – 60% less than the cost in US and UK, including the Hospital stay, all procedure, surgery and surgeon fees, etc. this is mainly possible because of favorable currency exchange rates in India.

For more details visit us at http://www.forerunnershealthcare.com and Email us at: enquiry@forerunnershealthcare.com

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Cervical Cancer

What is Cervical Cancer ?

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers that affect a woman’s reproductive organs. Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing most cases of cervical cancer.

When exposed to HPV, a woman’s immune system typically prevents the virus from doing harm. In a small group of women, however, the virus survives for years before it eventually converts some cells on the surface of the cervix into cancer cells. Half of cervical cancer cases occur in women between ages 35 and 55…

 

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

You may not experience any cervical cancer symptoms — early cervical cancer generally produces no signs or symptoms.

As the cancer progresses, these cervical cancer symptoms and signs may appear : -

Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse

 

Causes of Cervical Cancer

In general, cancer begins when healthy cells acquire a genetic mutation that turns normal cells into abnormal cells. Healthy cells grow and multiply at a set rate, eventually dying at a set time. Cancer cells grow and multiply out of control, and they don’t die. The accumulating abnormal cells form a mass (tumor). Cancer cells invade nearby tissues and can break off from an initial tumor to spread elsewhere in the body (metastasize).

Cervical cancer most commonly begins in the thin, flat cells that line the bottom of the cervix (squamous cells). Squamous cell carcinomas account for about 80 percent of cervical cancers. Cervical cancer can also occur in the glandular cells that line the upper portion of the cervix. Called adenocarcinomas, these cancers make up about 15 percent of cervical cancers. Sometimes both types of cells are involved in cervical cancer. Very rare cancers can occur in other cells in the cervix.

 Risk factors of Causes of Cervical Cancer

Many sexual partners : – The greater your number of sexual partners — and the greater your partner’s number of sexual partners — the greater your chance of acquiring HPV.

Early sexual activity : – Having sex before age 18 increases your risk of HPV. Immature cells seem to be more susceptible to the precancerous changes that HPV can cause.

Other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) : – If you have other STDs — such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis or HIV/AIDS — you have a greater chance of also having acquired HPV.

A weak immune system : – Most women who are infected with HPV never develop cervical cancer. However, if you have an HPV infection and your immune system is weakened by another health condition, you may be more likely to develop cervical cancer.

 

Cigarette smoking : – The exact mechanism that links cigarette smoking to cervical cancer isn’t known, but tobacco use increases the risk of precancerous changes as well as cancer of the cervix. Smoking and HPV infection may work together to cause cervical cancer.

 

Diagnosis

If you experience signs and symptoms of cervical cancer or if a Pap test has revealed cancerous cells, you may undergo further tests to diagnose your cancer.

 

To make a diagnosis, your doctor may : -

 

Examine your cervix : – During an exam called colposcopy, your doctor uses a special microscope (colposcope) to examine your cervix for abnormal cells. If your doctor identifies unusual areas, he or she may take a small sample of cells for analysis (biopsy).

 

Take a sample of cervical cells : – During a biopsy procedure your doctor removes a sample of unusual cells from your cervix using special tools. During one type of biopsy — punch biopsy — your doctor uses a circular knife to remove a small circular section of the cervix. Other special types of biopsy may be used depending on the location and size of the unusual area of cells.

 

Remove a cone-shaped area of cervical cells : – A cone biopsy (conization) — so called because it involves taking a cone-shaped sample of the cervix — allows your doctor to obtain deeper layers of cervical cells for laboratory testing. Your doctor may use a scalpel, laser or electrified wire loop to cut away the tissue.

 

Complications

Treatments for invasive cervical cancer often make it impossible to become pregnant in the future. For many women — especially younger women and those who have yet to begin a family — infertility is a distressing side effect of treatment. If you’re concerned about your ability to get pregnant in the future, discuss this with your doctor.

For a specific subgroup of women with early cervical cancer, fertility-sparing surgery may be a treatment option. A surgical procedure to remove your cervix and surrounding lymphatic tissue only (radical trachelectomy) may preserve your uterus. Early studies of radical trachelectomy suggest that cervical cancer can be cured using this technique, though it isn’t appropriate for every woman and there may be added risks to this surgery. Future pregnancies may be possible, but are considered high risk because removing the cervical tissue can lead to a higher incidence of miscarriage and premature birth…

 

Treatments of Cervical Cancer

Treatment of cervical cancer that’s confined to the outside layer of the cervix typically requires treatment to remove the abnormal area of cells. For most women in this situation, no additional treatments are needed..

 

 

 

 

 

 

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We Care Core Values

We have a very simple business model that keeps you as the centre.

Having the industry’s most elaborate and exclusive Patient Care and Clinical Coordination teams stationed at each partner hospital, we provide you the smoothest and seamless care ever imagined. With a ratio of one Patient Care Manager to five patients our patient care standards are unmatched across the sub continent.

 

 

 

Liver Cancer

Primary liver cancer begins in the cells of the liver itself. Although many cancers are declining in the United States, new cases of primary liver cancer are increasing.

Cancers that commonly spread to the liver include colon, lung and breast cancers. These cancers aren’t called liver cancer. Instead, they are named after the organ in which the cancer began — such as metastatic colon cancer to describe cancer that begins in the colon and spreads to the liver. These metastatic cancers are treated based on where the cancer began, rather than being treated as primary liver cancers.

 

Symptoms of Liver Cancer

When symptoms do appear, they may include some or all of the following : -

Loss of appetite and weight Abdominal pain, especially in the upper right part of your abdomen, that may extend into your back and shoulder Nausea and vomiting General weakness and fatigue An enlarged liver Abdominal swelling (ascites) A yellow discoloration of your skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice)

 

Causes of Liver Cancer

Your liver is a football-sized organ that sits in the upper right portion of your abdomen, beneath your diaphragm and above your stomach. Your liver processes most of the nutrients absorbed from your small intestine and determines how much sugar (glucose), protein and fat enter your bloodstream. It also manufactures blood-clotting substances and certain proteins. Your liver performs a vital detoxifying function by removing drugs, alcohol and other harmful substances from your bloodstream…

 

Tests and diagnosis of Liver Cancer

 

Screening : -

Screening for liver cancer hasn’t been definitively proved to reduce the risk of dying of liver cancer. For this reason, many medical groups don’t recommend liver cancer screening.

However, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommends liver cancer screening for those thought to have a high risk…

 

Diagnosis : -

If you experience any of the symptoms of liver cancer, your doctor will ask you about your medical history and perform a physical exam.

 

Tests and procedures used to diagnose liver cancer include : -

Ultrasound (ultrasonography) : – This test uses sound waves to produce a picture of internal organs, including the liver. Ultrasound is painless and usually takes less than 30 minutes…

 

Computerized tomography (CT) scan : – This test uses X-rays to produce cross-sectional images of your body. You may also have a variation of the test — known as a CT angiogram — in which contrast dye is injected into an artery in your liver.

 

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) : – MRI creates images using a magnetic field and radio waves. Sometimes a contrast dye also may be used.

 

Liver biopsy : – In this procedure, a sample of tissue is removed from your liver and examined under a microscope. Liver biopsy is considered the only definitive way to diagnose liver cancer.

 

Blood tests : – Doctors sometimes use a blood test that checks for the presence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) — a type of protein found in small amounts in adults — to detect liver cancer.

 

Treatments of Liver Cancer

Treatments for primary liver cancer depend on the extent (stage) of the disease as well as your age, overall health, feelings and personal preferences. Discuss all of your options carefully with your treatment team.

The goal of any treatment is to eliminate the cancer completely. When that isn’t possible, the focus may be on preventing the tumor from growing or spreading. In some cases palliative care only is appropriate. Palliative care refers to treatment aimed not at removing or slowing the disease but at helping relieve symptoms and making you as comfortable as possible…

 

Surgery : – The best treatment for localized resectable cancer is usually an operation known as surgical resection. In some cases, the area of the liver where the cancer is found can be completely removed. You aren’t a candidate for surgical removal of liver tumors if you have cirrhosis or only a small amount of healthy liver tissue. Even when resections are successful, there is a chance the cancer can recur elsewhere in the liver or in other areas within a few years…

 

Alcohol injection : -In this procedure, pure alcohol is injected directly into tumors, either through the skin or during an operation. Alcohol dries out the cells of the tumor and eventually the cells die. Each treatment consists of one injection, although you may need a series of injections for the best results. Alcohol injection has been shown to improve survival in people with small hepatocellular tumors…

 

Radiofrequency ablation : – In this procedure, electric current in the radiofrequency range is used to destroy malignant cells. Using an ultrasound or CT scan as a guide, your surgeon inserts several thin needles into small incisions in your abdomen. When the needles reach the tumor, they’re heated with an electric current, destroying the malignant cells. Radiofrequency ablation is an option for people with small, unresectable hepatocellular tumors and for some types of metastatic liver cancers…

 

Chemoembolization : – Chemoembolization is a type of chemotherapy treatment that supplies strong anti-cancer drugs directly to the liver. Chemoembolization isn’t curative, but it can shrink tumors in a certain percentage of people, which may provide symptom relief and improve survival. During the procedure, the hepatic artery — the artery from which liver cancers derive their blood supply — is blocked, and chemotherapy drugs are injected between the blockage and the liver…

 

Cryoablation (cryosurgery or cryotherapy) : – This treatment uses extreme cold to destroy cancer cells. Cryoablation may be an option for people with inoperable primary and metastatic liver cancers. It may also be used in addition to surgery, chemotherapy or other standard treatments…

 

Radiation therapy : – This treatment uses high-powered energy beams to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside your body or from radiation-containing materials inserted into your liver. Radiation may be used on its own to treat localized unresectable cancer…

 

Chemotherapy : – This treatment uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be systemic — meaning it travels throughout your body in your bloodstream — or regional. Systemic chemotherapy is generally not effective in treating liver cancer, but may be a treatment option in certain cases…

 

Liver transplantation : – In this surgical procedure, a diseased liver is removed and replaced with a healthy, donated organ. Liver transplantation may be an option for some people with small, early-stage liver tumors and for certain people with bile duct tumors…

 

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We Care Core Values

We have a very simple business model that keeps you as the centre.

Having the industry’s most elaborate and exclusive Patient Care and Clinical Coordination teams stationed at each partner hospital, we provide you the smoothest and seamless care ever imagined. With a ratio of one Patient Care Manager to five patients our patient care standards are unmatched across the sub continent.

 

Indian surgeons provide treatment of Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter with the best standards of Indian private healthcare system that can be truly described as being state-of-the-art. Treatment of Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureters in India is providedby a multi-disciplinary medical team with high level and up-to-the-minute training and experience in their particular field of medicine and care at an incredible success rate. The entire focus of cancer department, from the state-of-the-art equipment and facilities to leading drug development and treatment options, is centered on the needs of the international patients. Indian hospitals offer a full range of post surgery professional holistic services, from nutrition and dietary advice to complementary therapies and specialist counseling.

 

Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter:

Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the renal pelvis and ureter. The renal pelvis is part of the kidney and the ureter connects the kidney to the bladder. There are 2 kidneys, one on each side of the backbone, above the waist. The kidneys of an adult are about 5 inches long and 3 inches wide and are shaped like a kidney bean. The kidneys clean the blood and produce urine to rid the body of waste. The urine collects in the middle of each kidney in a large cavity called the renal pelvis. Urine drains from each kidney through a long tube called the ureter, into the bladder, where it is stored until it is passed from the body through the urethra. The renal pelvis and ureters are lined with transitional cells. These cells can change shape and stretch without breaking apart. Transitional cell cancer starts in these cells. Transitional cell cancer can form in the renal pelvis or the ureter or both. Renal cell cancer is a more common type of kidney cancer.

 

Symptoms of Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter:

Possible signs of Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter include blood in the urine and back pain.

These and other symptoms may be caused by Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter. Other conditions may cause the same symptoms. There may be no symptoms in the early stages. Symptoms may appear as the tumor grows. A doctor should be consulted if any of the following problems occur:

Blood in the urine.
A pain in the back that doesn’t go away.
Extreme tiredness.
Weight loss with no known reason.
Painful or frequent urination.
A pain in the back that doesn’t go away.
Extreme tiredness.
Weight loss with no known reason.
Painful or frequent urination.

Risk factors include the following:

Misusing certain pain medicines, including over-the-counter pain medicines, for a long time.
Being exposed to certain dyes and chemicals used in making leather goods, textiles, plastics, and rubber.
Smoking cigarettes.

 

Treatment option for Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis:

There are different types of treatment for patients with Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter.

Different types of treatments are available for patients with transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. Before starting treatment, patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. A treatment clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment.

Choosing the most appropriate cancer treatment is a decision that ideally involves the patient, family, and health care team.

 

One type of standard treatment is used:

Surgery:

One of the following surgical procedures may be used to treat Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter:

Nephroureterectomy: Surgery to remove the entire kidney, the ureter, and the bladder cuff (tissue that connects the ureter to the bladder).
Segmental resection of the ureter: A surgical procedure to remove the part of the ureter that contains cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it. The ends of the ureter are then reattached. This treatment is used when the cancer is superficial and in the lower third of the ureter only, near the bladder.

Other types of treatment for Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter are being tested in clinical trials. These include the following:

 

Fulguration:

Fulguration is a surgical procedure that destroys tissue using an electric current. A tool with a small wire loop on the end is used to remove the cancer or to burn away the tumor with electricity.

Segmental resection of the renal pelvis

This is a surgical procedure to remove localized cancer from the renal pelvis without removing the entire kidney. Segmental resection may be done to save kidney function when the other kidney is damaged or has already been removed.

Laser surgery

A laser beam (narrow beam of intense light) is used as a knife to remove the cancer. A laser beam can also be used to kill the cancer cells. This procedure may be called laser therapy or laser fulguration.

 

Regional chemotherapy and regional biologic therapy:

Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing. Biologic therapy is a treatment that uses the patient’s immune system to fight cancer; substances made by the body or made in a laboratory are used to boost, direct, or restore the body’s natural defenses against cancer. Regional treatment means the anticancer drugs or biologic substances are placed directly into an organ or a body cavity such as the abdomen, so the drugs will affect cancer cells in that area. Clinical trials are studying the effectiveness of chemotherapy or biologic therapy using drugs placed directly into the renal pelvis or the ureter.

 

Why India?

Treatment of Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter in India is done at the most sought after medical treatment centers, with the application of modern surgical technology. Medical tourism in India has a great deal of experience in meeting the cultural needs of international patients and offers a service which provides support from the moment a medical report is received right through to assistance with arranging transport home, ensuring international patients feel at ease about coming to India for treatment and feel at home during their stay. Medical tourism in India is merging with medical expertise and tourism providing high quality healthcare for international patients. For more information on Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureters in India, visit us atwww.indianhealthguru.com or mail your queries at contact@indianhealthguru.com or call us at: +91-9371136499, +91- 9860755000 (International) / + 1-415-599-2537 (USA) / +44-20-8133-2571 (UK)

Obesity surgery in India is now being taken by medical tourists and patients all over the world to get assured weight loss benefit at an affordable cost price. Obesity surgery has been considered to be one of the best options to get permanent weight loss benefit or to cure morbid obesity that has often been linked to additional health disorders such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, acid reflux, and obstructive sleep apnea. And these problems often arise due to obesity or excess weight. If dieting schedules and exercise programs prove ineffective then you can opt to get obesity surgery. It’s true that too many people who have lived with obesity for years have got a severe negative impact on their quality of life. Because of morbid obesity and excess body weight, they have experienced a setback on their social life, daily routine, romance as well as career choices. The obesity experts of India affiliated with Indian medical tourism have set a good success rate in providing weight reduction through obesity surgery procedures like gastric bypass, lap band treatment and gastric sleeve surgery with the best medical care at a low cost. So you can get Obesity surgery in India at Delhi, Goa or Hyderabad for assured weight loss benefit.

Obesity surgery in India provides excellent facilities for losing weight under the medical supervision of an experienced hospital staff. Best surgical expertise and medical technology is served to patients who get obesity surgery in India as an outpatient weight loss procedure. If you are obese and your body is suffering with loads of excess weight and can’t lose pounds with a healthy diet and exercise, then obesity surgery might be an option for you. Obesity or weight loss surgery is recommended for men who are at least 100 pounds overweight and for women who are at least 80 pounds overweight. If you also have diabetes, heart disease or sleep apnea and are over weight  then also obesity surgery could serve your purpose because weight reduction automatically cures these problems. Obesity surgery is undertaken by various modes or procedures that have different outputs according to the requirements of the patients they are mainly gastric bypass surgery or roux-n-gastric bypass surgery, lap band surgery or gastric band surgery, revision gastric bypass surgery, gastric sleeve surgery or sleeve gastrectomy. Most patients lose between 60% and 85% of their excess body weight within 1 year after getting outpatient obesity procedures like gastric bypass surgery and lap band surgery. After getting obesity surgery the patient gets additional health benefits like cure of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease and degenerative joint disease. Post operative benefits of obesity surgery are: patients can begin to get around easily and feel confident in facing certain public situations,  Patients can participate in activities with their families, such as going on amusement park rides, and enjoy everyday activities and patients notice improved levels of energy due to their weight loss. They feel they are no longer “carrying around an extra person”.

One can say that getting Obesity surgery in India is promoting “high-tech healing” to its patients at the most reputed obesity surgery hospitals of Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai. Medical tourism is helping international patients to get medical treatment with the latest healthcare facilities at reduced costs. Indian government is upgrading medical infrastructure of obesity surgery hospitals in India at Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore thus attracting foreigners for traveling to India for low-cost but world-class medical treatment. The cost of obesity surgery at Indian hospitals is 1/10th to that in western medical destinations. Indian medical tourism and Indian doctors have fulfilled the expectations of patients who approached them. India is an ancient land rich in cultural heritage so when you come here for an outpatient medical treatment you should explore its favorite tourist destinations and you will be given a chance to do it by the affiliated Indian obesity surgery hospitals. Uninsured obese patients living abroad are being financed by reputed finance institutions of Canada and U.S that are affiliated to Indian medical institutions. You may get more consultation on low cost obesity surgery in India at http://www.forerunnershealthcare.com or mail queries at enquiry@forerunnershealthcare.com  Call us at +91- 9371136499 (International) / + 1-415-599-2537 (USA) / +44-20-8133-2571 (UK)

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Gallbladder Cancer

Definition

Gallbladder cancer and bile duct cancer are rare cancers of the biliary tract. Your gallbladder stores and your bile duct transports bile, a fluid produced by your liver that’s essential to the digestive process.

Gallbladder cancer seldom produces symptoms in the early stages. In fact, early gallbladder cancer is often only discovered when the gallbladder is removed as a treatment for gallstones. Otherwise, gallbladder cancer is often quite advanced by the time it’s diagnosed.

 

Symptoms

Gallbladder cancer symptoms include : -

Abdominal pain : – Many people with gallbladder cancer have some abdominal pain — usually in the upper right part of the abdomen.

 

Nausea and vomiting : – These symptoms can occur when a tumor blocks the common bile duct.

 

Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice) : – Jaundice results from high blood levels of bilirubin — the residue from the breakdown of red blood cells. Normally, bilirubin is metabolized in your liver and eliminated through the bile ducts. But a blocked bile duct can cause bilirubin to accumulate in your blood. The built-up pigments may turn your skin and the whites of your eyes yellow and your urine dark brown. Because bilirubin isn’t being eliminated through your bile, your stools also may turn pale yellow or white.

 

Unintended weight loss or loss of appetite : – Tumors can prevent the normal passage of food or interfere with its absorption by blocking the flow of pancreatic enzymes.

 

Causes

Your gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath your liver. Its main function is to store bile, a bitter, yellow-green fluid that’s produced in the liver cells. Bile is essential for the proper digestion of fats and is one of the main ways your body eliminates drugs, cholesterol and waste products of metabolism. It flows from your liver through a thin tube called the common hepatic duct and enters your gallbladder through another small tube (cystic duct)…

 

How gallbladder cancer begins

Healthy cells grow and divide in an orderly way — a process that’s controlled by DNA, the genetic material that contains the instructions for every chemical process in your body. When DNA is damaged, changes occur in these instructions. One result is that cells may begin to grow out of control and eventually form a malignant tumor — a mass of cancerous cells.

Although the exact cause of gallbladder and bile duct cancers isn’t clear, researchers believe that DNA in the cells of your biliary tract may be damaged by toxins that are routinely metabolized by your liver. These toxins are released into bile so that they can be eliminated from your body. But if bile empties more slowly than normal, it increases the amount of time your cells are exposed to cancer-causing substances (carcinogens).

 

Tests and diagnosis

Many gallbladder cancers are discovered after a laboratory examination of a gallbladder that’s been removed for other reasons. Only about one-quarter of gallbladder cancers are diagnosed before the cancer is advanced.

Diagnosing gallbladder cancer earlier than this is difficult because the gallbladder is hidden behind the liver and is relatively inaccessible, because signs and symptoms don’t develop until late in the disease, and because when symptoms do appear, they can easily be mistaken for those of many other, more common conditions…

 

Staging biliary tract cancers

Doctors stage biliary tract cancers in several ways. One method is as follows : -

Resectable : – These cancers have not spread beyond the walls of the gallbladder or bile ducts and can be entirely removed in an operation. The term “resectable” refers to a cancer that can be removed.

 

Unresectable : – At this stage, the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or other organs such as the liver, pancreas, stomach or intestines and can’t be completely removed.

 

Recurrent : – This refers to cancer that returns after it has been treated. It may recur in the gallbladder or bile duct or in some other part of the body.

 

Treatments

Gallbladder cancer treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as on your age, overall health, feelings and personal preferences. Especially when cancer is advanced, choosing a treatment plan is a major decision, and it’s important to take enough time to consider your choices.

You may also want to consider seeking a second opinion. This can provide additional information to help you feel more certain about the option you’re considering.

The goal of any treatment is to eliminate the cancer completely. When that isn’t possible, the focus may be on preventing the tumor from growing or causing more harm. In some cases, an approach called palliative care may be best. Palliative care refers to treatment aimed not at removing or slowing the disease, but at helping relieve symptoms and making you as comfortable as possible…

 

 

 

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We have a very simple business model that keeps you as the centre.

Having the industry’s most elaborate and exclusive Patient Care and Clinical Coordination teams stationed at each partner hospital, we provide you the smoothest and seamless care ever imagined. With a ratio of one Patient Care Manager to five patients our patient care standards are unmatched across the sub continent.

 

 

Colorectal Cancer is related to the Colon Cancer or Rectal Cancer which includes cancerous growth in the colon, rectal, and appendix. Lilavati Medical Centre in India provides surgery for Colorectal Cancer patient at cost effective price, under experienced team of surgeons. Surgeons at Lilavati perform the surgery under modernized equipments to provide better treatment to their patients in order to make their patients more comfortable and to make them fit mentally and physically. Surgeons in India make it possible for every patient of Colorectal Cancer to have their surgery done easily and cure them thoroughly. Surgeons for the Colorectal Cancer are certified, professional, and experienced in performing the surgery. The cost of of Colorectal Cancer Surgery in India is also less as compared to the abroad medical institutions.

Colorectal Cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix. It is the third most common form of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Colorectal Cancer is thought to arise from adenomatous polyps in the colon. These mushroom-shaped growths are usually benign, but some may develop into cancer over time. The majority of the time, the diagnosis of localized colon cancer is through colonoscopy. Therapy is usually through surgery, which in many cases is followed by chemotherapy. Cancer of the colon and rectum also referred to as Colorectal Cancer can invade and damage adjacent tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also break away and spread to other parts of the body (such as liver and lung) where new tumours form. The spread of colon cancer to distant organs is called metastasis of the colon cancer. Once metastasis has occurred in colorectal cancer, a complete cure of the cancer is unlikely.

The symptoms can also be certain as -

Polyps – growth inside the colon and rectum that may become cancerous. A diet that is high in fat. A family history or personal history of colorectal cancer. Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn’s Disease

The symptoms of Colorectal Cancer depend on the location of tumour in bowel and whether it has spread to elsewhere in the body metastasis. Most of the symptoms may occur in other diseases as well, and hence none of the symptoms mentioned here is diagnostic of colorectal cancer. Symptoms and signs are divided into local, constitutional affecting the whole body and metastatic caused by spread to other organs. Local symptoms are more likely if the tumour is located closer to the anus. There may be a change in bowel habit (new-onset constipation or diarrhoea in the absence of another cause), and a feeling of incomplete defecation (tenesmus) and reduction in diameter of stool; tenesmus and change in stool shape are both characteristic of rectal cancer. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, including the passage of bright red blood in the stool, may indicate Colorectal Cancer, as may the increased presence of mucus. Melena, black stool with a tarry appearance, normally occurs in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (such as from a duodenal ulcer) but is sometimes encountered in colorectal cancer when the disease is located in the beginning of the large bowel.

A tumour that is large enough to fill the entire lumen of the bowel may cause bowel obstruction. This situation is characterized by constipation, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension and vomiting. This occasionally leads to the obstructed and distended bowel perforating and causing peritonitis. Certain local effects of Colorectal Cancer occur when the disease has become more advanced. A large tumour is more likely to be noticed on feeling the abdomen, and it may be noticed by a doctor on physical examination. The disease may invade other organs, and may cause blood or air in the urine (invasion of the bladder) or vaginal discharge (invasion of the female reproductive tract). Colorectal cancer most commonly spreads to the liver. This may go unnoticed, but large deposits in the liver may cause jaundice and abdominal pain (due to stretching of the capsule). If the tumour deposit obstructs the bile duct, the jaundice may be accompanied by other features of biliary obstruction, such as pale stools. The following tests and procedures may be used:

Physical exam and history: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient’s health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken. Fecal occult blood test: A test to check stool (solid waste) for blood that can only be seen with a microscope. Small samples of stool are placed on special cards and returned to the doctor or laboratory for testing. Digital rectal exam: An exam of the rectum. The doctor or nurse inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for lumps or anything else that seems unusual. Sigmoidoscopy: A procedure to look inside the rectum and sigmoid (lower) colon for polyps (small pieces of bulging tissue), abnormal areas, or cancer. Colonoscopy: A procedure to look inside the rectum and colon for polyps, abnormal areas, or cancer. A colonoscope is inserted through the rectum into the colon. Biopsy: The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer.

Indian hospitals are becoming known internationally for standards of health care delivery, success rates and service levels. India has the technology along with outstanding infrastructure and professional management, nurses and paramedical staff to take on international competition. Every year thousand of visitors are coming to India from around the world just for the medical check up and various types of surgery & treatment. Many people from the developed world come to India for the rejuvenation provided by Medical Tourism in India. Cost of key health care treatment is up to 30% low and cheapest in entire Southeast Asia. Colorectal Cancer Surgery in India is done at Lilavati Medical Centre under experienced and professional doctors with recreational packages provided by Medical Tourism in India.

Breast Cancer Treatment in India is taken under Jaslok Health Group under experienced and certified medical team of physicians. The term “breast cancer” refers to a malignant tumour that has developed from cells in the breast. Usually breast cancer either begins in the cells of the lobules, which are the milk-producing glands, or the ducts, the passages that drain milk from the lobules to the nipple. Less commonly, breast cancer can begin in the stomal tissues, which include the fatty and fibrous connective tissues of the breast. Breast Cancer is the most common cause of cancer in women and the second most common cause of cancer death in women. While the majority of new breast cancers are diagnosed as a result of an abnormality seen on a mammogram, a lump or change in consistency of the breast tissue can also be a warning sign of the disease. Jaslok Health Group introduces recreational packages with the help of Medical Tourism to provide better benefits and recovery from the disease. Physicians providing Breast Cancer Treatment in India at Jaslok Health Group are professionally trained and certified from renowned institutions across the globe.

Breast Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast cells. To better understand breast cancer, it helps to understand how any cancer can develop. Cancer occurs as a result of mutations, or abnormal changes, in the genes responsible for regulating the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. The genes are in each cell’s nucleus, which acts as the “control room” of each cell. Normally, the cells in our bodies replace themselves through an orderly process of cell growth: healthy new cells take over as old ones die out. But over time, mutations can “turn on” certain genes and “turn off” others in a cell. That changed cell gains the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more cells just like it and forming a tumour.

Some Breast Cancer require the hormones estrogen and progesterone to grow, and have receptors for those hormones. Those cancers are treated with drugs that interfere with those hormones, usually tamoxifen, and with drugs that shut off the production of estrogen in the ovaries or elsewhere; this may damage the ovaries and end fertility. Low-risk, hormone-sensitive breast cancers may be treated with hormone therapy and radiation alone. Breast cancers without hormone receptors, or which have spread to the lymph nodes in the armpits, or which express certain genetic characteristics, are higher-risk, and are treated more aggressively.

Abnormal development of cells leads to the growth of tumour, when tumour is malignant in nature they are termed as cancer. Breast Cancer is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in women today. Around the world breast cancer statistics shows that after lung cancer breast cancer is the second most death-causing factor in people who develops cancer. The risk factor of developing breast cancer increases with the age, it does not only relate to women, figures show that out of every 100 women there is one male who is diagnosed of breast cancer. Breast cancer does not mean a specific category of disease rather it is the different types of cancer generally found in breast is collectively termed as breast cancer. Though the most common understanding suggests that, abnormal growth of cells in the breast causes breast cancer.

The exact cause of Breast Cancer is unknown and there are no fixed causes for breast cancer. Myths in identifying the causes of breast cancer are more prevalent than the real cause. Some of the causes that have been collectively associated with breast cancer are:

The chances of breast cancer depends on age, as the person gets older the chances of it are more Family history of close relative like mother, sister and daughter who has been diagnosed with breast cancer increases the risk factor Early start onset of menses and early menopause are also associated with breast cancer Exposure to radioactive rays are carcinogenic and increases the chances of breast cancer Using hormone replacement therapy might also cause it Exposure to harmful chemicals (working in a chemical factory that uses harmful chemicals like Organo chlorine) Late childbearing

The first symptom, or subjective sign, of breast cancer is typically a lump that feels different from the rest of the breast tissue. More than 80% of Breast Cancer cases are discovered when the woman feels a lump. According to the American Cancer Society, the first medical sign, or objective indication of breast cancer as detected by a physician, is discovered by mammogram. Lumps found in lymph nodes located in the armpits can also indicate breast cancer. When breast cancer cells invade the dermal lymphatics small lymph vessels in the skin of the breast’s presentation can resemble skin inflammation and thus is known as inflammatory breast cancer . Symptoms of inflammatory breast cancer include pain, swelling, warmth and redness throughout the breast.

Another reported symptom complex of Breast Cancer is Paget’s disease of the breast. This syndrome presents as eczematoid skin changes such as redness and mild flaking of the nipple skin. Symptoms may include tingling, itching, increased sensitivity, burning, and pain. Occasionally, breast cancer presents as metastatic disease, that is, cancer that has spread beyond the original organ. Metastatic breast cancer will cause symptoms that depend on the location of metastasis. Common sites of metastasis include bone, liver, lung and brain. Unexplained weight loss can occasionally herald an occult breast cancer, as can symptoms of fevers or chills. Bone or joint pains can sometimes be manifestations of metastatic breast cancer, as can jaundice or neurological symptoms.

The most important factor behind any disease is the way you cope with it and find a safe treatment. Breast Cancer is a serious disease but with time and proper breast cancer treatment you will recovery from the initial trauma of the disease. Eating healthy and maintaining a balanced lifestyle along with family and friends cope to a great extent in coping with the disease. Ask all your queries and share your anxieties, going through clinical trials also helps to a great extent. Breast Cancer Treatment or diagnosis done at the proper time can prevent the disease before its too late. Breast Cancer is common in women as compared to the men. Jaslok Health Group provides one of the best medication treatments for Breast Cancer in India for the benefit for curing the disease as soon as possible. Currently Breast Cancer in India is taken under the medical team from the Jaslok Health Group.

Jaslok Health Group providing Breast Cancer Treatment in India consists of skilled physicians at par with the international standards. Which is why a lot of people from the UK, USA and Canada are preferring to visit India for their Breast Cancer Treatment as they save enormously on cost, get the same quality of treatment and can enjoy a holiday with their families or accompanying person. Jaslok health group is an innovative health care delivery system that responds to the needs of the community. Jaslok health group assure continuous quality improvement in all aspects of mission.

To know more about Breast Cancer Treatment in India please visit our website at www.jaslokhealthgroup.com or e-mail us on info@jaslokhealthgroup.com

Blood Cancer Treatment in India is available at various corporate hospitals that are JCI accredited, ISO certified or in the process of achieving these seals. Various corporate hospitals in India are specially designed according to the needs of international patients. Over the last two decades, the economic boom in India has led to the building of medical facilities & infrastructure that rival the very best that western medical care has to offer. Blood Cancer Treatment in India is available at various corporate hospitals that facilitate world class, high quality and affordable medical treatment and healthcare tourism in India.

About Blood Cancer

Blood Cancer or Leukemia refers to a group of cancers of the blood cells. In blood cancer, white blood cells become abnormal, and divide and grow in an uncontrolled way.

White blood cells and blood cancer

White blood cells are made in your bone marrow, which is the soft spongy centre of your bones. Your bone marrow makes the most basic type of cells (called stem cells), and they can develop further into three types of cells –

white blood cells – protect your body from infection
red blood cells – carry oxygen around your body
platelets – important for normal blood clotting

Once these cells are made, they enter your bloodstream. White blood cells are involved in your body’s immune system, a defense system that protects you from infections. There are two main types of white blood cells – myeloid cells and lymphocytes.

In blood cancer, some of the white blood cells don’t grow properly. They stay in the bone marrow and keep reproducing in an uncontrolled way. These abnormal white blood cells fill up the bone marrow and prevent it from making healthy white blood cells. This means the body is less able to fight off infections. The abnormal white blood cells also prevent bone marrow from making enough red blood cells and platelets. A lack of red blood cells leads to less oxygen being delivered to the organs and tissues of your body. This is called anemia, and it can make you feel tired and breathless. A lack of platelets can lead to problems with the blood-clotting system, and results in bleeding and bruising much more easily than usual.

Causes of Blood Cancer

The exact cause of blood cancer is unknown, although there are some factors that increase the chance of developing it.

These include-

a weakened immune system – this may be a result of medicines that suppress the immune system (eg medicines to prevent rejection of organ transplants), high doses of radiation (eg radiotherapy or chemotherapy for another cancer), or diseases that affect the immune system (eg HIV)
age – chronic leukemia is more common in people who are over 40
gender – slightly more men than women are affected by leukemia
smoking
certain genetic conditions, such as Down’s syndrome
other blood disorders, such as aplastic anemia, a rare condition where the bone marrow fails to produce blood cells correctly
contact with a chemical called benzene, one of the chemicals in petrol and a solvent used in the rubber and plastics industry

Types of Blood Cancer / Leukemia

There are several types of blood cancer. They are named according to the type of white blood cells (myeloid cells or lymphocytes) that are affected and how quickly the disease develops. Only the common types are discussed here. The two main types of blood cancer are acute and chronic.

Acute blood cancer

In acute blood cancer, symptoms develop rapidly and the cancer can quickly become life-threatening if it’s not treated. The most common form of acute blood cancer affects lymphocytes. This is called acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Another type of acute blood cancer is acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Chronic blood cancer

In chronic blood cancer, symptoms develop slowly and the white blood cells are almost fully grown and normal when they leave the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream. They can function, but not as well as they should do. One type of blood cancer, called chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), affects a particular type of white blood cells called myeloid cells. It has two phases, a chronic phase that can last for several years, during which symptoms develop slowly, followed by a more aggressive phase (accelerated phase), where symptoms quickly get worse.

Symptoms

The symptoms of blood cancer vary, depending on the exact type of disease and how advanced it is. There may be no symptoms in the early stages, especially in people with chronic blood cancer. Many symptoms are vague, such as fever, headaches, weight loss and night sweats.

Symptoms of blood cancer include –

tiredness, breathlessness and pale skin (due to anemia, a reduction in number of red cells in the blood)
frequent infections that do not get better
increased bruising
abnormal bleeding from gums and cuts
heavier periods in women
nosebleeds
bone pain (due to the pressure of a build-up of cells in the bone marrow)
swollen lymph glands (glands in the neck, groin and under the arms)
abdominal pain (due to an enlarged spleen or liver)
swollen gums, and occasionally, swollen testicles
headaches and vision problems

Treatment for Blood Cancer

The effectiveness of treatment for blood cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. Acute blood cancer or acute leukemia often goes into remission (the symptoms go away; the disease is under control but not necessarily cured). But many people with acute blood cancer have a relapse (the disease returns).

Treatment includes –

chemotherapy
radiotherapy
bone marrow or stem cell transplant
monoclonal antibodies
biological therapy (which may be in the form of tablets)
steroids

Why consider India?

Blood Cancer Treatment in India is available at various hospitals of Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai and New Delhi at an affordable price. Various corporate hospitals in India use latest technology to perform complex medical treatments and procedures. Most state of the art equipment is imported from countries like USA, UK, Germany, Japan etc. While the treatment in Indian private hospitals are at par with the hospitals in USA and UK, the cost for such treatment in India is actually a fraction of what it would cost in western countries.