Health care

Psychological Effects of Teen Obesity

It only seems natural to consider the psychological effects of teen obesity and how it is affecting our youth. Not too long ago it would be unheard of to be having this discussion. The child obesity issue worldwide has received so much attention it seems appropriate to consider what is going on in their head. It’s what we don’t see in our children that is of most concern. We can easily see their day to day routines but what underlining psychological effects of teen obesity don’t we see?

It has been perceived that young children who are obese will grow out of it or they are just carrying “baby fat”. In some cases this is true and they do grow out of it, but what if they don’t. It’s a known fact that kids can be mean and bully. Children who are teased about their weight are more apt to have and symptons of depression. Everyone wants to have friends but sometimes the obese teen feels isolated and lonely. Their self esteem is low and they use food as their comfort zone, which is usually high in fat, sugar, and calories. The isolation makes them less active so exercise is compromised. Because of peer pressure the psychological effects of teen obesity affects their overall health which can lead to more serious medical problems. The teen years are all about growing up, being more independent, and socialization. Peer pressure in teenagers is a major issue whether they have a weight problem or not , which is why teasing obese teens can be psychologically devastating.

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Peer pressure is the hub of the psychological effects of teen obesity. The spin off is problems in school and missing too much school. Obese teens are absent from school more often than non obese teens. Some will miss school or skip classes to avoid ridicule and others due to medical complications associated with being obese. Behavioral and learning problems develop because they feel Obese teens have an equal right to education as non obese teens but the taunting effects them emotionally and it’s easier to avoid than confront. They are missing out on their education because of the psychological effects of teen obesity.

It appears clear that the psychological effects of teen obesity have the potential to be carried into adulthood. Including in some cases anxiety and obsessive compulsive behavior. although it doesn’t have to be this way. Once the weight problem is cured and their physical appearance has improved; their self esteem and body image will be restored. We must be careful not to ignore the psychological effects of teen obesity that they may still have bottled up inside.

Triggers To Watch For

Your obese teen has less energy or interests and is hesitant to participate in social relationships or other activities;

Your obese teen appears increasingly sad, lonely, angry or withdrawn.

Your obese teen has few friends.

Your obese teen has thoughts of causing harm to him/herself or others.

Your obese teen is obsessed with eating.

Your obese teen sleeps too much or not enough.

Your obese teen is reluctant to go to school.

There are steps that parents can do to help ease the psychological stress that results from teen obesity. Many times teens over eat because they are depressed. Openly communicating with your obese child about the problem will allow you to work a plan that is attainable. The good news is with proper nutrition, exercise, and a real good diet plan teens can overcome obesity and live a full normal life.

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• Effects of missing too much school

Obesity Facts And Effects: An Alarming Condition

Obesity is the condition in which the body mass index exceeds the normal amount. Generally people with BMI exceeding 30 are considered obese. There are certain obesity facts that one must be aware of.

There are many people who do not consider excessive weight to be a serious problem. Generally, children are obese from the beginning are unable to loose weight later on. Modern lifestyle has played havoc on general health of people and obesity is also one of the conditions that are the repercussions of it. There are various Obesity Facts that one must be aware of. If compared with the rate 30 years back, the rate of obesity has almost doubled. There are over one billion adults that suffer from this condition.

There are many causes that lead to obesity. Let’s have a look at some of these factors. Food that is rich in fats and carbohydrates results in accumulation of excessive cholesterols in the body. This fat, if not completely absorbed by the body, tends to make one fatty over time. Saturated fatty acids that are found in butter, oil, meat etc. can make one’s body weight abnormal. Heredity factors also play a big role. Obesity usually runs in families. Snacks, soft drinks, fast food like burgers, pizzas, hotdogs, and other calorie-rich foods makes one’s body weight go out of proportion.

One of the obesity facts is that people who lack in physical action or don’t do exercises daily become obese with time. Slow metabolic rate i.e. the rate at which food is absorbed by the body can result in over-weight conditions. Certain diseases and medications are also responsible for this condition. Anti-depressants, insulin, and oral contraceptives can cause obesity.

Now let’s have a peep into Childhood Obesity Facts. Children generally inherit this disease from their parents. The number of obese children is increasing at an alarming rate. As compared to the last three decades, this number has doubled. Sedentary activities that are preferred by children make them dull and lazy. They tend to take foods that lack in nutritional values. As there is no physical exertion involved, the fats get deposited in body and make them lethargic. The general capability of obese children is quite low as compared to others. One of the other childhood obesity facts is that such children suffer from several other problems like lack of concentration, inability to sleep properly, and humiliation faced from peers and friends.

Obesity is not a single problem. There are several Effects of Obesity. One of the first and foremost effects is inability to carry out day-to-day activities. An obese person is often inactive and feels fatigued most of the time. Obesity gives birth to other health problems. Some obese people develop Pickwick syndrome in which a person feels drowsy and color of his face remains reddish. Pain in joints, bones, and lower back portion of the body is often experienced by over-weight people. Another chronic health problem that one can is susceptible to is diabetes which is incurable.

Cancer, in many cases, is triggered by unabsorbed fatty cells in the body. These fats produce hormones in body. These hormones, if produced in large quantities, can trigger the growth of tumors and ultimately lead to cancer. Heart attack is another very common problem that obese people face. The fats deposited on the walls of arteries block the normal flow of the blood and make the heart muscles weak. Besides these, lack of sleep is also one of the effects of obesity.

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What is Skin cancer: Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer found in humans. Around 1 million skin cancer cases were registered for every early and this annual rate is increasing drastically due to increase in risk factors. Skin cancer can be recognized by the changes in appearance of the skin. Skin cancer causes the skin cells to grow rapidly without any controlling limit.

Skin cancer is a combination of several diseases with different types of causes, symptoms and treatments. Skin cancer effects the basic life cycle of the cells and causes an abnormal growth and division of cells without any controlling limit, then it results in forming tumor (excess tissue) in the body.

Tumors are of two types, they are as follows:

• Benign tumor
• Malignant tumor

Benign tumor: This tumor is not cancerous. They can be treated easily. They don’t spread to other parts of the body. If this tumor continues to grow in the same site for long time then it causes damage to the distant organs.

Malignant tumor: This tumor is cancerous, they causes damage to the adjacent organs by spreading the cancer cells at high rate. The cells in this tumor invade the distant organs and forms new tumors through blood flow or by lymphatic system. The new tumor has the same characteristic features of the primary tumor. For example, if the skin cancer spreads to the lungs, the cancer cells in the lungs are actually belonging to the skin cancer cells. Then this disease is called as metastatic skin cancer.

Skin cancer types: Skin cancer is categorized into three different types they are

• Basal cell carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Melanoma

Basal cell carcinoma: This skin cancer is not metastatic .It doesn’t spread to other parts but causes damage to nearby tissues. The risk factors for basal cell carcinoma are listed below. The basal cell carcinoma looks like dome shaped bump. This bump shape is covered by the telangiectases blood vessels .the starting stage of this benign tumor cannot be detected easily because it is shiny and translucent. With the biopsy process we can detect the starting age of this skin cancer. Some of the carcinomas contain melanin pigment which makes the tumor to look dark rather than shiny.
Basal cell carcinomas generally appear on the back side or chest. Basal cell carcinomas make the skin dry with raw patches. These carcinomas take several years to grow into uncontrolled size and damage the nearby senses by disfiguring ear, nose or eye.

Squamous cell carcinoma: This cancer occurs in the squamous cells. These carcinomas appear to be thin, flat cells which look like fish scales. These Squamous cells present in the surface tissues of the skin. So if there is any abnormality in the squamous cells, then Squamous cell carcinoma occurs. Due to excess growth of squamous carcinoma cells a mound is formed which is called as keratoacanthoma.

Risk factors of basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma and Melanoma:

Age: This type of skin cancer occurs after the age of 50 years. But the sun burning effects starts in the early stage.

Sun exposure: People who face severe blistering sunburns can have the chance of occurring melanoma cancer. So, sunburns in young age will be a risk factor for casing basal cell carcinoma cancer. Take sun lotion creams to avoid the risk factor of melanoma cancer.

UV radiation: Due to long exposure to the ultraviolet radiations, the chances of having basal cell carcinoma cancer increases. People who stay in the sun for longer time will have more risk factors. Due to this UV rays the skin becomes grey and causes skin irritation. Aging of the skin appears due to increase in risk factors. So, please stay away from UV rays to reduce the risk factors of basal cell carcinoma cancer.

Therapeutic treatment: Taking this treatment for curing other cancer diseases can increase the chance of having basal cell carcinoma cancer.

Weak immune system: People with weak immune system will have more chances of getting skin cancer.

Family pedigree: Risk factors of skin cancer sometimes can be caused due to the family relation link. It some time runs in the families. So please take regular checkup to reduce the risk factors of this cancer.

Fair skin: People with fair skin have more chances to expose to melanoma cancer because it is easily burned and freaked out. So, people with fair skin should take some skin lotions to reduce the causing factors of melanoma cancer.

Having more moles on the body: Too many moles in the body can cause melanoma cancer for sure.

Skin cancer symptoms and signs:
• Gray skin
• Head aches
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Pain in moles
• Asymmetry
• Border irregularity
• Color diameter
• Weight loss
• Chronic cough
• Skin thickening
• Itching, tingling, Irritations.
• Redness
• Swelling
• Patches
• bleeding
Treatment for basal cell carcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma:

Surgical operation: Surgery operation is carried to remove the entire tumor. This process is useful during the early stages of the tumor occurrence.

Curettage and desiccation: Curette is the instrument used by the dermatologists to remove the tumor by scooping out the cell carcinoma. And desiccation is the electric current process useful in burning the remained cancer cells. This treatment is carried for small cancers.

Radiation therapy: This treatment is based on the extent of the skin disease. Radiotherapy is a process of removing carcinoma cancer cells by using high intensity x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the effected part of the skin surface to destroy the cancer cells.

Cryo surgery: This is a new process evolved in treating the carcinoma cancer cells. In this process the cancer causing cells in the body are destroyed completely by injecting a freezing liquid through intravascular veins of the body. The freezing liquid used in this treatment process is nothing but argon or liquid nitrogen. This freezing liquid is directly injected into the body for the removal of cancer cells. This treatment is given when there is advancement in the skin cancer. This treatment produces side effects like damage to the urethra and bladder by damaging normal cells.

Mohs micrographic surgery: This treatment process gives 98 percent of success rate in removing carcinoma cells. This treatment causes very low side effects and damages very less normal cells. This process is carried by making small incision to the effected part of the body for removing the entire carcinoma tumor or part of it by micrographic instruments. The sequence of removing carcinoma cells is carried continuously without causing any pain. The cure rate is very high and this is the best process for treating advanced skin cancers.

Medical therapy by using creams: This treatment can be taken to avoid surgery. This medical therapy creams kills the cancer cells and increases the body immune system to protect from infections.

Treatment of melanoma cancer:
Surgery: Surgery is carried to remove the cancer tumor. Surgery can be carried in the early stages of the tumor occurrence. Surgery is taken place only if the cancer is located in only one part of the body. During the surgery process the damaged lymph nodes are also removed along with the tumor. This surgery process depends on the location, area and size of the tumor.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs are called as anti-cancer drugs used to destroy cancer cells .there are many types of chemotherapy drugs available in the market for the treatment of cancer. These drugs are available in the form of pills but mostly given by drip into the blood veins.

Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is a process of removing cancer cells by using high intensity x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the cancer affected part of the body to destroy the cancer cells. This process also causes damage to the normal cells for its side effects.

Biotherapy: Due to weak immune system in the body, there are chances for the development of cancer. So this Biotherapy treatment process is useful in rebuilding strong immune system in the body. Biotherapy is also called as immunotherapy or biological response modifier therapy. This treatment process is really useful in repairing, enhancing and stimulating the weak immune system of the body. This process can be carried along with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Melanoma cancer is treated as the serious skin cancer disease due to its risk factors. It is treated as a malignant tumor because it spreads through out the body. The treatment for this melanoma cancer should be carried in the early stages to cure it completely.

Basal cell carcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma are most common type of skin cancers found in people. These two types of skin cancers are together called as Non-melanoma skin cancer. Melanoma skin cancer is termed as metastatic skin cancer because of its serious effects. Melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer which spreads through out the body.

Endocrine cancer: Endocrine cancer occurs in the endocrine system. Endocrine system produces hormone secretion glands such as pancreatic, adrenal, thyroid, pituitary and pancreatic glands. So, due to endocrine cancer, these glands will be affected by cancer cells. This endocrine cancer causes other cancers like pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer and prostate cancer. This endocrine cancer is treated as malignant cancer because it spreads to other organs and tissues.

These cancer cells grow unusually in the endocrine tissue and develop into malignant tumor. The Tumor which is formed by the cancer cells will interrupt the endocrine functions like producing excess hormones.

Endocrine tumors start from many tissues of endocrine system. Metastatic endocrine cancer can be caused by the spread of cancerous cells from other parts of the body to endocrine cells. Till now, there is no exact reason for the cause of primary endocrine cancer and metastatic endocrine cancer. But many risk factors were identified by the researchers which are more likely to increase the chance of occurring endocrine cancer.

Risk factors for endocrine cancers:
• Radiation exposure: Skin exposure to UV rays will increase the chance of  having endocrine cancer.
• HIV:Due to HIV in the body,the immune system gets weak by the failure of plasma cells and our body exposes to infections which increase the chance of having endocrine cancer.
• Family heredity:Endocrine cancer also links up with family heredity.
• Previous cancer history:Person who is suffering with other cancer diseases have more risk factors in causing endocrine cancer.

Symptoms of endocrine cancer:
• Weak immune system
• Body weakness
• Headaches
• Seizures
• Nausea and vomiting
• Memory loss

Treatments for endocrine cancer: Treatment for this disease depends upon several factors like tumor size, shape, age of the patient, patient health condition and cancer type. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the three major types of treatments available for curing endocrine cancer.

Surgery: Surgery is the most common available treatment for removing endocrine cancer cells. Surgery is carried to remove the endocrine tumor. Surgery can be carried in the early stages of the tumor occurrence. Surgery is taken place only if the cancer is located in only one part of the body. During the surgery process the damaged lymph nodes are also removed along with the endocrine tumor.

Radioactive iodine therapy: Radioactive iodine therapy uses radio active I-131 drug to kill cancer cells in the endocrine system. This I-131 drug is given only in the form of pill or liquid through mouth with fewer doses.

Hormone treatment: Hormonal therapy can be useful to cure and control the endocrine cancer cells from growth. Hormonal therapy process changes the level of endometruim hormones in the body and blocks the hormones  from  cancer cells.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is one of the treatments useful in killing endocrine cancer causing cells by the usage of drugs. This treatment process is carried by either pills or through intravascular injections. The anti-cancer drug enters into the bloodstream and travels towards the damaged tissues and destroys the endocrine cancer cells.

Chemotherapeutic drugs attacks the cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. The nature of this endocrine cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells. This cancer chemotherapy drug can be given at either clinic or at home. The usage of this drug can be daily, weekly or monthly depending on the stage of the cancer and body immune system. Chemotherapy treatment is given by considering the following basis like age, gender, drug toxicity and body weight. The dosage and usability should be carried under proper supervision.

Radiotherapy: This treatment is based on the extent of the disease. Radiotherapy is a useful process helps in removing endocrine cancer cells by using high intensity x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the endocrine tumor to destroy the cancer cells .This process also causes damage to the normal cells for its side effects. So, external radiation therapy is used to treat this endocrine cancer with fewer side effects.

• External radiation therapy: External radiation therapy process is carried out from outside the body. The powerful x-ray beams are aimed at the effected area from outside the body and destroy the cancer causing cells permanently without re-occurrence.

• Internal radiations: High intensity X-ray beams are passed into the body by making some small incisions in the endocrine system. This treatment gives better results than the external radiation therapy.

Endocrine cancer is the most common type of cancer which occurs in adults. There are different types of endocrine cancer in which many of them were malignant tumors. Treatment process for all types of endocrine cancer involves surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy

Kidney cancer: Kidneys are the most important organs which are useful in removing waste from blood. Kidneys are located in the either side of the spine. These are part of urinary tract.  Kidneys control the production of red blood cells and blood pressure of the body.

Cancer occurs in the kidney cells, generally cells are the building blocks of tissues which builds organs. These cells divide and multiply when the body requires them. During this process old cells are replaced by new one and old one gets die, this is the life cycle of the cells. If this life process goes wrong then there will be unusual growth in the cells and forms mass tissue which is named as tumor.

Tumors are of two types, they are as follows:

Benign tumor Malignant tumor

Benign tumor: This tumor is not cancerous. They can be treated easily. They don’t spread to other parts of the body.

Malignant tumor: This tumor is cancerous, they causes damage to the adjacent organs by spreading the cancer cells at high rate. The cells in this tumor invade the distant organs and forms new tumors through blood flow or by lymphatic system.

Kidney cancer is named in many ways like Hypernephroma, Renal adenocarcinoma and renal cell cancer. Kidney cancer generally occurs in the inner lining of tiny tubes inside the kidneys. Kidney cancer mostly occurs in the adults who are over 40 years of age.

Causes of kidney cancer:

Smoking: This activity is the major risk factor in causing cancer. Smoking leads to lung cancer and also causes several side effects like digestion problem, burning sensation, headache and site blindness. So avoid smoking to prevent cancer from occurrence.

Alcohol: Taking of alcohols will reduce the performance of body immune system which increases the risk factors.

Obesity: Obesity increases the chances of having kidney cancer due to decrease in immune rate in the body system.

Diabetes: Diabetes leads to the occurrence of this cancer disease due to insulin dependency at high rate.

These are the driving factors that can improve the chance of occurring kidney cancer.

Symptoms of kidney cancer:

Blood in the urine Loss of weight Presence of lump in the abdomen Pain in the abdomen region Appetite failure.

There is a chance of causing several cancers in the kidney. Renal cell cancer is the most common type of kidney cancer. It generally occurs in adults. Renal cell cancer is also called as adenocarcinoma or hypernephroma.There is another type of kidney cancer which is called as transitional cell carcinoma, this cancer makes severe damage to the renal pelvis, the lower part of the abdomen region. This kind of kidney cancer is similar to bladder cancer. Kidney cancer in children is called as Wilms tumor. This cancer is entirely different from adult kidney cancer and the treatment for this type of cancer is entirely different.

Kidney cancer can spread through out the body, they can spread to liver, bones or lungs. If one kidney affected by cancer cells other kidney can also be effected. The nearby lymph nodes will be affected by the cancer cells. Spreading of cancer cells is termed as metastasizes. If the liver is affected by the kidney cancer cells then the disease is called as metastatic kidney cancer, not liver cancer.

Treatment for Kidney cancer: Generally for every cancer treatment following factors are considered like age, health condition and the stage of the cancer. By considering these factors the treatment is carried.

The best way to treat kidney cancer is by:

Surgery: Surgery is carried to remove the kidney cancer tumor. Surgery can be carried in the early stages of the tumor occurrence. Surgery is taken place only if the cancer is located in only one part of the body. During the surgery process the damaged lymph nodes are also removed along with the tumor. This surgery process depends on the location, area and size of the tumor. If the severity of this disease increases, one of the effected kidneys will be removed.

Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is also a useful process in removing cancer cells by using high energy x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the cancer affected part to destroy the cancer cells in kidney.

Chemotherapy or Biological therapy: Chemotherapy drugs are called as anti-cancer drugs used to destroy cancer cells .There are many types of Chemotherapy drugs available in the market for the treatment of cancer. These drugs are available in the form of pills but mostly given by drip into the blood veins. Chemotherapeutic drugs attacks the cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. The nature of the cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells. These drugs are carried in the bloodstream to kill destroy all the cancer cells within short period of time.

This cancer chemotherapy drug can be given at either clinic or at home. The usage of this drug can be daily, weekly or monthly depending on the stage of the cancer and by body immune system. Chemotherapy treatment is given by considering the following basis like age, gender, drug toxicity and body weight. The dosage and usability should be carried under proper supervision.

Kidney cancer is related to the family of malignant tumor, it should be treated in the early stages of occurrence. Kidney cancer cells spread through out the body and causes risk factors in the later stages. So, try to avoid taking smoking and alcohols to prevent kidney cancer

Head & Neck Cancer: Head and neck cancer occurs due to the spreading of cancer cells in the head and neck area. Generally, the cells grow and divide into multiple cells and they die when they grow old, and new cells take their place. But due to some causes these basic life cycle of the cells gets damage and began to grow rapidly without any controlling limit. These cells form a huge mass of tissue which is called as tumor.

Tumors are of two types they are:
• Benign tumor: These tumors are not life threatening tumors. This cancer can be removed easily by surgery process. They don’t reoccur. These tumors grow in single site. They do not spread and invade other tissues around them. The benign tumor cells doesn’t contain metastatic characteristics( spreading nature to other parts of the body)
• Malignant tumor: These tumors are cancerous tumors. They spread to other parts of the body. These tumors can be removed but sometimes they grow back. Malignant tumors invade nearby tissues and organs. These tumors contain metastatic characters.
When the cancer cells spreads to the other parts will form a new tumor which has the same characteristic features of the primary tumor. For example, if the head and neck cancer cells spread to the lungs, the cancer cells in the lungs are actually belonging to the head and neck cancer cells. Then this cancer disease is called as metastatic head and neck cancer.

Head and cancer affects the following types:

Oral cavity: Oral cavity contains many parts like lips, tongue, tonsils, lining of the cheeks, salivary glands, hard palate (roof of the mouth), soft palate (back of the mouth), and floor of the mouth, gums and teeth.

Salivary glands: These glands are useful in producing the fluid (saliva) in the throat moist and mouth. These glands are located in the jawbone and in the floor of the month.

Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity: The Paranasal sinuses consist of small hollow spaces in the head bones surrounding the nose and the nasal cavity is located in the hollow space inside the nose.

Larynx: It is also called as voice box. It is located just below the neck. Larynx contains vocal chord. There is small tissue called epiglottis in the larynx which helps in preventing the entry of food from entering the air passage.

Lymph nodes in the upper part of neck: Squamous cancer cells are present in the lower part of the neck. These cancer cells contain metastatic characteristics.

Pharynx: it is a hollow tube which is located behind the nose and leads to esophagus. Pharynx consists of three parts.

Hypopharynx: It is the lower part of the pharynx. Neasophayrnx: It is located in the upper part of pharynx. Oropharynx: Oropharynx is the middle part of the pharynx. It is the    base part of the tonsils and tongue.

Causes of head and neck cancers: The main causes for breast cancer are not identified but the risk factors for the breast cancer are identified and here is the list.

Risk factors for breast cancer:

These are the two main risk factors for causing head and neck cancers.

Chewing of tobacco: Tobacco chewing increases the risk factor for causing head and neck cancers. This activity has more adverse effects. Tobacco plays vital role for many cancer related disease. Tobacco smoking also leads to head and neck cancers. In which 87 percent of the cases are related to death cases due to its effect. Head and neck is the leading cancer in both men and women. Smoking also causes pancreatic, stomach, kidney, colon and leukemia cancer.

Alcohol: Taking of alcohols will reduce the performance of body immune system which causes the chances of many cancer diseases.

Other risk factors for head and neck cancers:

Oral cavity: Oral cavity contains many parts like lips, tongue, tonsils, lining of the cheeks, salivary glands, hard palate (roof of the mouth), soft palate (back of the mouth), and floor of the mouth, gums and teeth .due to the exposure to severe sun blistering of this oral cavity the risk factors increases.

Salivary glands: Severe exposure to harmful radiations can increase the risk for head and neck cancers

Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity: severe exposure of this Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity to industrial effects can increase the cancer effects.

Larynx: Due to exposure of larynx part to air borne particles will increase the risk factors.

Pharynx: Due to HPV infection of this part there is a chance for increase in risk factors.

Types of head and neck cancers: Hypopharyngeal Cancer, Laryngeal Cancer, Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Oropharyngeal Cancer, Paranasal Sinus and Nasal, Cavity Cancer and Salivary Gland Cancer are the following head and neck cancers.

Symptoms of head and neck cancer:

• Sore throat stays for longer time.
• Hoarseness
• Occurrence of Lump or sore that doesn’t heal.
• Pain during swallowing
• Pain in throat
• Ear pain
• Trouble speaking
• Trouble breathing
• Chin swelling
• Pain in the neck
• Paralysis of face muscles.
• Loss of hearing
• headaches

Treatment procedure for head and neck cancers: The treatment procedure of head and neck cancers include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Surgery: Surgery is the main therapy for the curing of head and neck cancer in the early stage. This surgery process is carried by identifying the staging of the head and neck cancer. Surgery is carried to remove the tumor part in the mouth and neck area. During the surgery process the damaged lymph nodes and nearby tissues in the neck are also removed. During some cases, the major portion of other infected organs will be removed for avoiding the spreading of the disease throughout the body. Most of the time, patients will be given radiation therapy along with surgery treatment for complete removal of the tumor.

Radiation therapy: This treatment is based on the extent of the disease. Radiotherapy is a process of removing cancer cells by using high intensity x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the affected part to destroy the cancer cells.

There are two types of radiotherapy treatments they are.

• External radiations: External radiation process is carried out from outside the body. The powerful x-ray beams are aimed at the effected area from outside the body and destroys the cancer causing cells permanently

• Internal radiations: X-ray beams are passed into the body by making some small incisions in the head and neck area. This treatment gives better results than the external radiation therapy.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is one of the treatments useful in killing head and neck cancer causing cells by the usage of drugs. This treatment process is carried by either pills or through intravascular injections. The anti-cancer drug enters into the bloodstream and travels towards the damaged tissues and destroys the cancer cells.
Chemotherapeutic drugs attack the head and neck cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. The nature of this head and neck cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells.
The chemotherapy drugs are given in the following form:

In tablet or pill form(head and neck) By taking injection(Intravenous or intramuscular) Injection taking in the (Intrathecal)

This cancer chemotherapy drug can be given at either clinic or at home. The usage of this drug can be daily, weekly or monthly depending on the stage of the cancer and body immune system. Chemotherapy treatment is given by considering the following basis like age, gender, drug toxicity and body weight. The dosage and usability should be carried under proper supervision.

Head and neck cancer occurs due to unusual growth of cancer cells in the head and neck region. This cancer is referred as metastatic cancer for its effects and causes. This cancer can be cured only in the early stage of its occurrence. This cancer has many risk factors.

Rectal cancer: Colon and Rectal are both the part of digestive system. All the waste material is stored in the colon part and the rectal is the end part of the colon which is adjacent to the anus, it is used to store the stool. Together the colon and Rectal form the large intestine (large bowel).Rectal cancer occurs in the inner lining of the large intestine. Polyps of large intestine are termed as benign tumors and cancer caused tissue is termed as malignant tumor in the large intestine.

These benign tumor are not cancerous can be removed easily by colonoscopy, benign tumors are not harmful because they don’t spread to other organs. Most of the researches believe that cancer in the large intestine is started with polyps. Malignant tumors are cancerous and cause damage to the nearby organs and tissues.

Causes of Rectal cancer: First stage of the rectal cancer is formed by polyps these polyps can be removed easily. If it is not removed in time then it grows in malignant tumor (cancerous tumor) and spreads through out the body and causes death.

• Family history: family history can also be a factor for causing rectal cancer .So, be sure in taking screen test for digestive system.
• Increase in age: As age increases they are more chances in facing rectal cancer.
• Smoking and alcohols: Smoking and alcohol drinking increases the risk factor of rectal cancer.
• High fat foods: Taking of high fat foods decreases the body immune system and increases the risk factors of having rectal cancer.

Symptoms of Rectal cancer: Rectal cancer causes many symptoms which helps us to take medical tests for the early prevention of this cancer.• Internal bleeding: Internal bleeding occurs in the urine due to obstruction made by the tumor mass in the large intestine.

Nausea and vomiting: Body hormone changes, pains, body inflammation, poor blood flow and anxiety are the causing factors of nausea and vomiting.
Weight loss: Weight loss occurs due to absence of proper diet. Due to cancer most of the people will experience unexplained weight loss.
Obstruction of stool: Due to growth of tumor in the inner lining of the large intestine, it prevents the passage of stool from urine.

Constipation: Constipation occurs during the early stage of the cancer. Constipation means slow movement of body waste through the body. Due to constipation the body faces illness.

Treatment of colon cancer:

The treatment process of rectal cancer is defined by following stages:
• Stage 1:if the tumor invades only the first or second inner lining wall of the intestine without attacking lymph nodes, then it is considered as first stage of cancer.
• Stage2: if the mesorectum is attacked by the tumor but without attacking the lymph nodes, then this is termed as second stage of cancer.
• Stage3:If the lymph nodes are attacked by the tumor , then it is termed as third stage.
• Stage4:If the cancer cells spread through out the body , then it is termed as the last stage.

Surgery:Surgery is the best option for stage1 rectal cancer. It can be treated easily by going for surgical operation for the process of removal of polyps (unusual growth of glands) in the large intestine. Surgery is carried to remove the cancer tumor. Surgery can be carried in the early stages of the tumor occurrence. Surgery is taken place only if the cancer is located in only one part of the body. During the surgery process the damaged lymph nodes are also removed along with the tumor. Active surveillance can be taken when the rectal cancer grows slowly. Doctor keeps on monitoring the cancer growth in the body, if it starts to grow rapidly, then you can go for the treatment process at that very time for preventing it from re-occurrence.

Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy treatment process is carried for stage2 and stage3 rectal cancer. Radiotherapy is a process of removing cancer cells by using high intensity x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the cancer affected part of the body to destroy the cancer cells .this process also causes damage to the normal cells for its side effects.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy treatment process is carried for both stage2 and stag3 rectal cancer. Chemotherapy drugs are called as anti-cancer drugs used to destroy cancer cells .There are many types of chemotherapy drugs available in the market for the treatment of cancer. These drugs are available in the form of pills but mostly given by drip into the blood veins.
Surgery and radiotherapy treatment method is performed for the last stage of rectal cancer (metastatic cancer).How ever this stage is not curable but can extent the survival time due to usage of new medications.

Rectal cancer is treated by the following mentioned programs. Through out the globe, rectal cancer is the third leading cancer disease in people. Rectal cancer is treated as cancerous disease because of its effects and causes. Treating of Rectal cancer must be carried in the early stages to cure it completely.

Ovarian cancer: Ovaries belongs to the woman’s reproductive system. They are located in the pelvis region. Ovaries are useful in producing female hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Ovaries play the main role in releasing the egg to the womb (uterus). Ovaries will stop producing eggs when woman goes through menopause by decreasing the hormone levels in the body.

Ovarian cancer occurs in the reproductive system cells, these cells are the building blocks of tissues and organs. Basically these cells grow and divide into multiple cells and they die when they grow, and new cells take their place. But due to some causes these basic life cycle of the cells gets damage and began to grow rapidly without any controlling limit. These cells form a huge mass of tissue which is called as tumor.

Ovarian tumors are of two types they are:
• Benign tumor: These tumors are not life threatening tumors. This cancer can be removed easily by surgery process.  These tumors grow in single site. They do not spread and invade other tissues around them. The benign tumor cells doesn’t contain metastatic characteristics( spreading nature to other parts of the body)
• Malignant tumor: These tumors are cancerous tumors. They spread to other parts of the body. These tumors can be removed but sometimes they grow back. Malignant tumors invade nearby tissues and organs. These tumors contain metastatic characters.

Ovarian cancer has three main characteristics they are:
Invasion: malignant tumors invade other nearby tissues life fallopian tube and uterus.
Shed (Break off): Ovarian cancer cells can creak off from the ovarian tumor. Breaking into abdomen can cause gastrointestinal Cancer.
Spread: These cancer cells spread to lymph nodes of pelvis, chest and abdomen by lymphatic system. These cancer cells can also spread to organs like lungs and kidneys.

When the ovarian cancer cells spreads to the other parts will form a new tumor which has the same characteristic features of the primary tumor. For example, if the ovarian cancer spreads to the lungs, the cancer cells in the lungs are actually belonging to the ovarian cancer cells. Then this disease is called as metastatic ovarian cancer.

Causes of Ovarian cancer: The exact causes for this cancer are not found but the risk factors for this ovarian cancer are identified. Here is the list of risk factors.

Risk factors for ovarian cancer:
• No pregnancy: Lack of pregnancy in woman can have 2 to 3 times of higher risk in facing ovarian cancer that pregnant woman.
• Obesity: Woman who weight more than 50 pounds have 10 times of higher risk in facing ovarian cancer.
• Early puberty: Woman who faces early puberty before 12 years of age have more risk factors for ovarian cancer.
• Late menopause: Woman who goes for menopause after 50 years of age have more chances of causing ovarian cancer.
• Family history: Family history also can be factor in causing ovarian cancer. So please be sure in taking screening tests for diagnosing of ovarian cancer.
• High estrogen level: Women who intakes high level of unopposed estrogen will increase the risk factor of causing ovarian cancer
• Using of breast cancer drugs: Tamoxifen is a kind of anti-cancer drug mostly useful in curing breast cancer. If the usage of this drug is in excess mode, then there will be increase in chances of having ovarian cancer.
• Cancers like endometrial and colon increases the chances of having ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer symptoms and signs:
• Abnormal bleeding of vagina
• Weight loss
• Pelvic pain
• Swelling in pelvic pain
• Pain in pelvis, abdomen and legs
• Swollen abdomen
• Nausea
• Constipation
• Fatigue
• Unusual menopause
• Urinate often
• Shortness of breath

These are the symptoms found during the developing stage of the ovarian cancer. Please be sure in taking screening test for diagnosing the severity of the disease.

Treatment methods for ovarian cancer: Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are best treatment methods available for treating this ovarian cancer. Depending on the severity of the cancer, your doctor describes the treatment choices.

Surgery: Surgery is the main therapy for  curing of ovarian cancer in the early stage. This surgery process is carried by identifying the first staging of the ovarian cancer. Surgery is carried by making a long incision in the abdomen area to remove the ovarian cancer tumor. Surgery will be taken place only if the ovarian tumor located in only one part of the body. During this surgery process the damaged fallopian tubes, uterus, omentum, and lymph nodes and nearby tissues are also removed along with the ovaries.  During some cases, the major portion of other infected organs will be removed for avoiding spreading of the disease throughout the body.

Radiotherapy: This treatment is based on the extent of the disease.  Radiotherapy is a process of removing cancer cells by using high intensity x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the ovarian tumor to destroy the cancer cells .This process also causes damage to the normal cells for its side effects.

There are two types of radiotherapy treatments they are.
• External radiations: External radiation process is carried out from outside the body. The powerful x-ray beams are aimed at the effected area from outside the body. This process destroys the cancer causing cells permanently.

• Internal radiations: X-ray beams are passed into the body by making some small incisions in the endometruim area. This treatment gives better results than the external radiation therapy.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is one of the treatments useful in killing ovarian cancer causing cells by the usage of drugs. This treatment process is carried by either pills or through intravascular injections. This anti-cancer drug enters into the bloodstream and travels towards the damaged tissues and destroys the cancer cells.

Chemotherapeutic drugs attacks the cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. This nature of this cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells.

The chemotherapy drugs are given in the following form:
• In tablet or pill form(oral)
• By taking injection(Intravenous or intramuscular)
• Injection taking in the (Intrathecal)
• Injection directly in the abdomen vein.

This cancer chemotherapy drug can be given at either clinic or at home. The usage of this drug can be daily, weekly or monthly depending on the stage of the cancer and body immune system. Chemotherapy treatment is given by considering the following basis like age, gender, drug toxicity and body weight. The dosage and usability should be carried under proper supervision.

Ovarian cancer occurs due to unusual growth of cancer cells. This cancer is referred as metastatic cancer for its effects and causes. This cancer also causes endometrial and colon cancer. This cancer can be cured only in the early stage of its occurrence. Surgery and anti-cancer drugs will be useful in treating this ovarian cancer.

Colon cancer:Colon cancer is also called as colorectal cancer. Colon cancer is referred as malignant tumor in which there will be an unusual growth of cells inside the colon or rectum than the required rate.

Colon cancer starts from the inner lining of the large intestine, this is the common part for the occurrence of colon cancer. So removal of these colonic polyps can prevent from the occurrence of colon cancer.

During the early stages of the colon cancer, there will be no symptoms or signs. Fully developed colon cancer results in causing symptoms like rectal bleeding, weight loss, bloodstream in the stool and bowel obstruction.

Causes of colon cancer:
Age: Generally aged people will be suffering from cancer due to the presence of polyps (glands) .if the age is above 50 years, there will be more chances of getting cancer due to the increase in risk factors.

Alcohol: Taking of alcohols will reduce the performance of body immune system which causes the chances of occurring cancer disease.

Diabetes: Diabetes leads to the occurrence of colon cancer due to insulin dependency at high rate.

Diet: Diet plays an important role in defining cancer. Taking fat foods with low fiber content will definitely causes cancer. Planning proper diet menu with rich fiber foods helps in preventing cancer from occurrence.

Environment: The surroundings in which you live and work also leads many risk factors for causing cancer. So, maintain proper surroundings.

Family pedigree: Family hereditary may cause cancer, but if you reduce the risk factors by staying healthy can prevent you from cancer.

Genetics: Many of the researchers suggest that 30 percent of the cancer cases have a genetic links.

Gender: Many of the research programs say that men are more often to face cancer than women.

Obesity: Obesity increases the chances of having colon cancer due to decrease in immune rate in the body system.

Polyps: polyps (unusual glands) increase the chance of having cancer. These polyps are due to excess growth of cells in the colon region or due to the family pedigree.

Smoking: This activity is the major risk factor in causing cancer. Smoking leads to lung cancer and also causes several side effects like digestion problems, burning sensation, headache and site blindness. So avoid smoking to prevent cancer from occurrence.

Colon cancer symptoms:

Sleep disorder: Due to severe illness, stress, emotional pain, usage of drugs and loneliness are the driving factors for causing sleep disorder. People suffering with colon cancer will generally face this disorder .

Nausea and vomiting: Body hormone changes, pains, body inflammation, poor blood flow and anxiety are the causing factors of nausea and vomiting.

Fatigue: Due to the treatment process of this colon cancer ,body faces severe exhaustion or tiredness.

Delirium: This side effect occurs in the last period of life .Delirium is nothing but the malfunction of the brain due to severe attack of cancer in the body.

Constipation: Constipation occurs during the early stage of the cancer. Constipation means slow movement of body waste through the body. Due to constipation the body faces illness.

Effects of colon cancer:
The risk factors for the cause of colon cancer are due to the family pedigree or growth of one or more polyps in the large intestine and also due to the bulge of the intestine. These risk factors can be reduced easily by taking low fat foods with rich fiber content.

Treatment of colon cancer:
Colon cancer can be treated easily by going for surgical operation for the process of removal of colon polyps (unusual growth of glands) in the large intestine. Surgery is carried to remove the cancer tumor. Surgery can be carried in the early stages of the tumor occurrence. Surgery is taken place only if the cancer is located in only one part of the body. During the surgery process the damaged lymph nodes are also removed along with the tumor. Active surveillance can be taken when the colon cancer grows slowly. Doctor keeps on monitoring the cancer growth in the body, if it starts to grow rapidly, then you can go for the treatment process at that very time for preventing it from re-occurrence.

Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is a process of removing cancer cells by using high intensity x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the cancer affected part of the body to destroy the cancer cells .this process also causes damage to the normal cells for its side effects.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs are called as anti-cancer drugs used to destroy cancer cells .there are many types of chemotherapy drugs available in the market for the treatment of cancer. These drugs are available in the form of pills but mostly given by drip into the blood veins. Chemotherapeutic drugs attack the  cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. The nature of this head and neck cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells.

The chemotherapy drugs are given in the following form:
• In tablet or pill form(head and neck)
• By taking injection(Intravenous or intramuscular)
• Injection taking in the (Intrathecal)

Colon cancer is treated by the following mentioned programs. Colon cancer is treated as a cancerous disease because of its effects and causes. Treating of colon cancer must be carried in the early stages to reduce the risk factors entirely to stay safe.

Gynecologic cancer: Gynecologic cancer occurs in the reproductive system of woman. This Gynecologic cancer consists of other cancers like fallopian tube, cervix, ovaries, and uterus, vagina and vulva. The risk factors for this cancer are increasing day by day. The most common type of gynecologic cancer is uterus cancer. Nearly 40 percent of cancer cases are related to uterus disease.

Generally cells plays major role in defining cancer. All the organs and tissues in the body are made up by tiny body cells. These cells have a constant process of dying and replacing new cells. This is the general process carried by them, if there is any malfunction in their life cycle then there is a chance for the occurrence of cancer. Tumor occurs due to the formation of excess cells in the body. There are two types of Tumors one is benign tumor and the other is malignant tumor .Benign tumor is not cancerous but can cause damage to the adjacent organs if it grows continuously at a single site. Malignant tumor is cancerous because it spreads through out the body and damages the entire body organs.

Gynecologic cancer is categorized into:

• fallopian tube
• cervix
• ovaries
• uterus
• vagina
• vulva

Risk factors for gynecologic cancer: As the causes for this reproductive cancer disease is not identified, its risk factors are listed below which increases the chances for having this reproductive cancer.

• Age: Age plays key role in defining breast cancer. People with above 40 will generally face this problem.

• Gender: Gynecologic cancer occurs mostly to women. Only 1 percent of men face this problem.

•Family history: Gynecologic cancer can be transmitted by the family hereditary. So please take regular checkups for reducing the risk factor of having breast cancer.

• Gene changes: Gene changes will increase the risk factor of having breast cancer. Changes in gene’s like BRCA1 and BRCA2 causes Gynecologic cancer. So have a checkup by your health care provider to reduce the risk.

• Lack of physical activity: Yes lack of physical activity increases the chances of having breast cancer in woman due to excess fat storage in the breast lymph nodes .Going for regular workout will reduces the risk of having breast cancer.

• Being overweight: Being over weight resembles weak immune system. So, women with obesity problems have more chances to fallen for gynecologic cancer.

• Smoking/Alcohols: Smoking of tobacco and drinking of alcohol increases the risk factors for gynecologic cancer sure. So please avoid them. Smoking causes cancer for sure. So,please avoid smoking

• Breast density: Due to dense breast tissue the chances of having gynecologic cancer increases.

• Diethylstilbestrol: Women who take this DES during pregnancy period will have more chances in getting gynecologic cancer. So avoid taking DES.

• Radiation therapy: Women who take radiation therapy on chest in the young age have more chances to face breast cancer after 40 years of age.

Gynecologic cancer symptoms:

• Persistent cough
• change in bowel habits
• Blood in the stool
• Unexplained anemia
• Brest discharge
• Lumps in the testicles
• Change in urination
• Blood in the urine
• Hoarseness
• Swollen glands
• Indigestion
• Unusual vaginal bleeding
• Unusual weight loss
• Fever
• Severe sweat
• Continued itching in anus
• Non healing sores
• Headaches
• Back pain
• Pelvic pain and Bloating.

These are the following cancer symptoms and signs can be observed in the body.

Treatment of Gynecologic cancer:

Surgery: Surgery is the most common type of treatment followed to remove the cancer tumor. Depending upon the severity of the Gynecologic cancer, this operation process is decided by the doctor.

Gynecologic sparing surgery: This operation is carried to remove only the cancer tumor but not the entire reproductive system. So, this operation is named as gynecologic sparing surgery. The doctor also makes a small incision to know whether the cells have entered the lymphatic system. After this treatment process, the patient is taken for radiotherapy to kill the remaining cancer cells.

Mastectomy: Here in this operation process the entire tumor part along with lymph nodes are removed. After this operation process the patient will go for radiotherapy for the complete destruction of cancer cells.

Chemotherapy: This treatment is given in the early stages of occurrence. Chemotherapy is one of the treatment methods useful in killing cancer causing cells by the usage of drugs. This treatment process is carried by either pills or through intravascular injections. This anti-cancer drug enters into the bloodstream and travels towards the damaged tissues to destroy the gynecologic cancer cells.Chemotherapeutic drugs attacks the gynecologic cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. The nature of the gynecologic cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells. These drugs are carried in the bloodstream to kill destroy all the cancer cells within short period of time.

This cancer chemotherapy drug can be given at either clinic or at home. The usage of this drug can be daily, weekly or monthly depending on the stage of the gynecologic cancer and body immune system. Chemotherapy treatment is given by considering the following basis like age, gender, drug toxicity and body weight. The dosage and usability should be carried under proper supervision.

Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is a useful process in removing gynecologic cancer cells by using high intensity x-ray beams. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the cancer affected tissues to destroy the cancer cells. This process also causes damage to the normal cells for its side effects. There are two types of radiotherapy treatments they are.

External Radiations: Radiations are aimed at the effected tumor part from outside the body. Internal Radiations: Radiations are passed into the body by making some small incisions in the reproductive system. This treatment gives better results than the external radiation therapy.

Biological therapy: Due to weak immune system in the body, there are chances for the development of gynecologic cancer. So this Biotherapy treatment process is useful in rebuilding strong immune system in the body. Biotherapy is also called as immunotherapy or biological response modifier therapy. This treatment process is really useful in repairing, enhancing and stimulating the weak immune system of the body. This process can be carried along with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Gynecologic cancer is treated as a serious cancer. It occurs in the reproductive system of woman Gynecologic cancer can spread to other parts of the body so, please consult the doctors if you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above. The treatment process for all the types of gynecologic cancer is same. This Gynecologic cancer consists of various cancers like fallopian tube, cervix, ovaries, and uterus, vagina and vulva. All these cancers are referred as malignant cancerous tumor because they spread to other parts of the body.